Willow Tree Chemistry Acts as Bio-Refinery To Treat Wastewater

Researchers have filtered wastewater through the roots of willow trees and estimate that over 30 million liters of primary wastewater per hectare can be treated using this type of "bio-refinery" annually.
Researchers have filtered wastewater through the roots of willow trees and estimate that over 30 million liters of primary wastewater per hectare can be treated using this type of bio-refinery annually.

Frontiers Emerging Trends in Biological Treatment of Wastewater From Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction

Meta-transcriptomics indicates biotic cross-tolerance in willow trees cultivated on petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, BMC Plant Biology

Crud-to-crude: The global potential of biofuels made from human waste

Seaweed biorefinery Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology

Meta-transcriptomics indicates biotic cross-tolerance in willow trees cultivated on petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil, BMC Plant Biology

Crud-to-crude: The global potential of biofuels made from human waste

Shaping the multifunctional tree: the use of Salicaceae in environmental restoration. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 6: 37-47 (2013) .

Recent advances in lignin-based carbon fibers (LCFs): precursors, fabrications, properties, and applications - Green Chemistry (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/D2GC01503J

Willow, a green treatment plant turns sewage from dirty to desirable, Imperial News

5 Environmental Effects and Tradeoffs of Biofuels, Renewable Fuel Standard: Potential Economic and Environmental Effects of U.S. Biofuel Policy

Frontiers Irrigation with primary wastewater alters wood anatomy and composition in willow Salix miyabeana SX67